One-fifth of the Earth's land is covered by Deserts and in every continent they are found .In this
region one-sixth of the Earth's population that is about more than one billion people actually
are living there .Only about 10% of the deserts have sand dunes.
There are two types of deserts :
1- Hot deserts
2- Cold deserts
Hot Deserts:
* The largest hot desert in the world is Sahara Desert.
* The temperature there rises up to 50 degrees Celsius during the day but in the night it reaches up to
-18 degree Celsius .
* About 250 millimeters of rainfalls per year.
* Animals like Camels are adapted in such a way that they can go without food and water for many
days. Many of animals are nocturnal and remain underground for most of the time.Birds are
carnivorous like Eagles, Vulture etc.can be seen flying around in search of prey.
* Desert plants are adapted to this climate by either growing long roots or they have special
means of storing and conserving water for example Cactus.
Cold Deserts:
* Some deserts are always cold like in the regions of Arctic and Antartica and other mountaineous
regions like Himalayas .
* Temperature for nine months are extremely cold from -2 to -40 degrees Celsius and three months of
summer with temperature up to 12 degrees Celsius.
* Here it also rains 250 millimeters per year.
* The animals which live there are adapted to harsh cold climate for example Polar bear, Arctic fox ,
Penguins etc.
* The plants in these regions includes mosses ,lichens ,grasses, herbs and dwarf shrubs. there are no
trees there because of the thin soil layer which thaws and refreezes each year preventing larger
plants to grow.
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